Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It is located on a peninsula that extends into the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and two enclaves: Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe, covering an area of 301,340 km² (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with a population of nearly 60 million. Its capital and largest city is Rome; other major urban areas include Milan, Naples, Turin, Florence, and Venice.
Road transport.
Motorways
Main article: [Autostrade of Italy]
Autostrada A1 runs through Italy linking some of the largest cities in the country: Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, and Naples.
Autostrada A20 runs through the island of Sicily linking Palermo to Messina.
Italy was the first country in the world to build motorways, the so-called autostrade, reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting Milan to Lake Como and Lake Maggiore, and now parts of the Autostrada A8 and the Autostrada A9, was devised by Piero Puricelli and was inaugurated in 1924.
Other motorways (or autostrade) built before World War II in Italy include Naples-Pompeii, Florence-Pisa, Padua-Venice, Milan-Turin, Milan-Bergamo-Brescia, and Rome-Ostia. The total length of the Italian motorway system is about 7,016 km (4,360 mi) as of 30 July 2022. Additionally, there are 13 motorway spur routes extending for 355 km (221 mi). The density is 22.4 km (13.9 mi) of motorway for every 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) of Italian territory.
In particular, 1,870.2 km (1,162.1 mi) of the Italian motorway network have three lanes per carriageway, 129 km (80 mi) have four lanes per carriageway, 1.8 km (1.1 mi) have five lanes per carriageway, while the remaining part is two lanes per carriageway.
Italian motorways are mostly managed by concessionaire companies. From 1 October 2012, the granting body is the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, no longer Anas, and the majority (5,773.4 km or 3,587.4 mi in 2009) are subject to toll payments. On Italian motorways, the toll applies to almost all motorways not managed by Anas. The collection of motorway tolls is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (based on km traveled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).
Italy's motorways have a standard speed limit of 130 km/h (80 mph) for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or when visibility is poor due to weather) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to 150 km/h (95 mph) on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working SICVE, or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measures the average speed over a given distance.
Extra-urban roads
The stretch from Grosseto to Livorno of the Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia is classified as strada extraurbana principale.
In Italy, a dual carriageway is often called superstrada (meaning expressway), but this name is unofficial. The Italian traffic code (Codice della strada) divides extra-urban dual carriageways into two different classifications:
Strada extraurbana principale (meaning main highway) or type-B road: a road with separate carriageways, at least two lanes for each direction, paved shoulder on the right, and no cross-traffic. This type of road is quite similar to an autostrada or type-A road (Italian official name for motorways or freeways), but its building standards are lower. Access limitations and drive behavior on type-B roads are the same as the motorways (no pedestrians, bicycles, and other slow vehicles), as well as the signage (except for the background color, which is blue instead of green). Speed limits on type-B roads are up to 110 km/h (70 mph). Type-B roads are always toll-free.
Strada extraurbana secondaria (meaning secondary road) or type-C road: This category contains all the roads in a non-urban context that are neither autostrada (type A) nor strada extraurbana principale (type B). This means that a dual carriageway that may not be classified as a type-B road, since it does not meet such quality standards, belongs to this category. For type-C roads, there are neither special signage nor access restrictions unless a specific sign is placed. The speed limit is 90 km/h (55 mph) on both single and dual carriageways.
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